A Brief Survey of Muslim Contribution to Science and Culture

Abbâs Abbasid Abd-al-Malik Abd-al-Raḥmân Abd-Allâh Abû Ahmad Aḥmad ibn al-'Abbâs al-Andalus al-Ghazzâlî al-Hasan ibn al-Manşûr Al-Muqtadir Almagest Arab learning Arabic grammar astronomical Baghdâd Başrah biographies born Buwayhids Cairo century chemistry Christian civilized compilation convert to Islam Cordova countries court culture Damascus died Dîn early Ecliptic Europe famous Fihrist flourished Foremost geographical Granada greatest Greek Hispano-Arab Hitti Hunayn ibn Aḥmad Ibn Khallikan ibn Muḥammad ibn Ibn Rushd Ibn-abi-Usaybi'ah Ibn-Sînâ Ibrâhîm Ishâq Islam Jâbir Khalifah Khilâfat Kitab knowledge later Latin Latin Europe Malik Shah Mamlûk Sulțâns Marâghah mathematician mathematics medicine Mizan-al-Hikmah modern Muḥammad ibn Mûsâ Muslim North Africa observations observatory original Arabic patron of learning patronage Persian philosophy physician Ptolemaic system Ptolemy pupil Qur'ân rulers Sâmânid Samarqand Sarton scientific scientists Seville Sicily Sinân sines Spain stars Sulțâns of Egypt Syria Tarikh Tartar Thâbit tion translated treatise trigonometry Ulugh Umayyad Wazîr writers Yûsuf