National Health Systems of the WorldOxford University Press, 1993 M01 14 - 368 pages This is the companion to the comprehensive review of national health systems presented in Volume I. In that volume, the author analyzed the resources, organization, financing, management, and delivery of health services in 68 countries at diverse levels of economic development and political ideology. In Volume II, the principal issues in health systems across countries are carefully examined. These issues are categorized according to the several components by which national health systems may be analyzed. In the general field of health resources, Roemer discusses physicians and traditional healers, nurses, pharmacists, auxiliary health personnel, the background and distribution of hospitals and health centers, and the production and consumption of drugs. The sections of this important work elucidate the various issues surrounding the world's health systems. The scope and functions of Ministries of Health and social security programs for health care in different types of health systems are reviewed. The book recognizes the contributions of voluntary health agencies, as well as the characteristics of major services in the private sector of national economies. The serious implications of private profit in health systems and the benefits and difficulties of private/public sector relationships are also examined. This authoritative volume presents a global analyzation of economic and management support for national health systems including a discussion of world-wide expenditures according to the source of financing and the purposes for which money is spent. Special attention is also given to experiences in the delivery of health service including ambulatory and primary care, and equivalent analyses are made of world-wide delivery of hospital services, regionalization, and long-term care. Volume II concludes with a review of international health activities from the 19th century International Sanitary Conferences up to the present era of the World Health Organization. This critical work probes the political factors involved in this evolution. The last chapter summarizes major social trends in society, along with major trends in the health system components: resources, programs, economic support, management, and delivery of services. |
Contents
3 | |
9 | |
CHAPTER | 19 |
Pharmacists | 27 |
Other Clinical Health Personnel | 33 |
Current Panorama of Health Personnel | 41 |
Ambulatory Care Facilities | 54 |
CHAPTER FOUR | 61 |
CHAPTER ELEVEN | 173 |
Regulation of Health Personnel | 182 |
Regulation of Health Facilities | 191 |
Health System Regulation | 197 |
CHAPTER TWELVE | 207 |
Primary Health Care in Practice | 213 |
CHAPTER THIRTEEN | 222 |
CHAPTER FOURTEEN | 233 |
Knowledge as a Resource | 69 |
CHAPTER | 91 |
Spread of National Health Services | 99 |
CHAPTER SEVEN | 106 |
General Commentary | 115 |
Private Health Care with Public | 126 |
CHAPTER NINE | 137 |
Sources of Health Expenditures | 139 |
Purposes of Health Expenditures | 145 |
Commentary on Methods of Financing | 152 |
Health Administration | 164 |
Common terms and phrases
administrative affluent Africa ambulatory American auxiliary Britain century cial clinics costs coverage devel developing coun developing countries disease doctors drugs economic established Europe facilities family planning federal financing France funds Geneva governmental grams health agencies health centers health expenditures health insurance health personnel health planning health programs health services health sys ical India industrialized countries Journal of Health Latin America legislation mainly major malaria medical schools medicine ment Ministry of Health National Health Service national health systems nurses patients percent pharmacies pharmacists physicians pitals political poor population practitioners preventive primary health primary health care Public Health regions Roemer rural areas sector sickness social insurance Social Security socialist sources staffed strategies Thailand tion tional health treatment tuberculosis types of health UNICEF United usually veloping voluntary health welfare-oriented health systems World Health Forum World Health Organization World War II