Nonprofit Organizations in an Age of Uncertainty: A Study of Organizational ChangeIn this unique longitudinal examination of the "third sector" of the economy, the authors explore why, in a major U. S. metropolitan area, some nonprofit organizations grew while others shrank during the 14-year period of the study. The authors' striking conclusions contribute to an understanding of how organizations juggle commitments to donors, grantmakers, members, and service populations, while trying to keep costs down and worker morale high. In the face of these often conflicting tasks, the study demonstrates that it is ultimately an organization's coping strategies that keep it afloat. |
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Contents
xiii | |
xiv | |
PUBLIC CHARITIES | 23 |
DISCUSSION | 33 |
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | 34 |
A Profile of the Twin Cities Public Charity Sector 19801994 | 39 |
CROSSSECTIONAL SURVEYS AND THE PANEL STUDY | 49 |
PUBLIC CHARITY ACTIVITIES | 56 |
ORGANIZATIONAL TACTICS AND ACTIVITIES | 124 |
DATA METHODS AND VARIABLES | 131 |
HYPOTHESES 17 | 136 |
HYPOTHESES 811 | 148 |
DISCUSSION | 153 |
Growth Decline Tactics and the Organizational Milieux | 161 |
THE CONSEQUENCES OF CHANGE | 162 |
DATA METHODS AND VARIABLES | 172 |
PUBLIC CHARITY EMPLOYEES AND VOLUNTEERS | 58 |
PUBLIC CHARITY EXPENDITURES AND REVENUES | 59 |
DISCUSSION | 71 |
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | 73 |
Growth and Decline among Nonprofit Organizations | 81 |
DATA METHODS AND VARIABLES | 93 |
MODELS OF GROWTH AND DECLINE | 103 |
HYPOTHESES 1 THROUGH 8 | 105 |
HYPOTHESES 913 | 111 |
DISCUSSION | 113 |
Environmental and Embeddedness Effects on Organizational Tactics | 123 |
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activities alienation analysis argued asked Association become centralized Chapter commercial income compete competitive concentration contacts controls corporate creative cultural decision-making decisions decline density dependent dependent variable disagreements donated income educational effect elite environment estimated example expenditures explain factor Figure Finally foundations four funding grants growth growth and decline heavily hypotheses important included income and employees income and volunteers increase Independent innovative institutional labor legitimacy less look managerial tactics managers mean measure Minnesota missing data niche nonprofits noted operations organizational organizations panel percentage period Poisson political tactics positive problem public charities reduced respondents retrenchment tactics sample scores sector selection significant Small social sources space statistically strategy structures Table theory tions Twin Cities types utilized variables zations